Hydropneumatic pressure system



De@ E6, M?,

s. H. DoRsr-:Y ET A1.

HYDROPNEUMATIC PRESSURE SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 7, 1944` i w ,l

Dec. 16, 1947o s. H. DoRsEY ETAL HYDROPNEUMATIC PRESSURE SYSTEM Filed Oct. 7, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 wzeF/m :TOE

we W w Patented Dec. 16, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HYDROPNEUMATIC PRESSURE SYSTEM Application October 7, 1944, Serial No. 557,674

8 Claims.

This invention relates to hydro-pneumatic apparatus and pressure systems, and with regard to certain more specic features to apparatus and systems of this class for operating hydraulic presses and the like.

Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision of an economical and reliable hydro-pneumatic pressure system and apparatus for operating hydraulic presses and the like, particularly those with large platens which for proper alignment require several lifting rams;

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, numeral I indicates a pit in which are located a series of ram pots or cylinders 3, 5, 1, 9, and ll in which are lift pistons or rams I3, l5, I1,v I9, and 2l respectively. The cylinders support a. platen 23. The platen 23 constitutes the moving bed of a press, further details of which are not shown,

the provision of a system of the class described which, by means of relatively simple control ele ments, permits of much flexibility of control and wide adaptability of the press to full or partial use of its platen area; the provision of a system of the class described which permits of localized application of pressure at desired regions on large press platens for maintaining accurate platen alignment and accurate application of pressures to the object being pressed; the provision oi a system of the class described which shortens the so-called daylight closing period and also a boosted compression period of the press, until a predetermined compression pressure is reached, after which a predetermined final intensified pressure at small displacement is automatically effected; the provision of apparatus of this class in which application and release of pressure and also retraction may be eiiected at will in any part of the operating cycle; the provision of apparatus of this class which may readily be set up to function by routine for any of a large variety of desired conditions of operation; and the provision of apparatus of this class which may be easily installed, maintained and repaired. Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the elements and combinations of elements, features of construction, and arrangements of parts which will be exemplied in the structures hereinafter described, andthe scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated one of various possible embodiments of i the invention,

being old per se. The press may be of any variety but the invention is especially adaptable to very large sizes, such as for example presses carrying forming dies in which under substantial pressures large volumes of materials such as plywood, paper, plastics, et cetera may be molded with heat into complex forms such as airplane parts and the like.

In this large press art, one of the important problems to be solved is that of accurate, flexible and speedy control of the heavily weighted platen which under molding conditions is sometimes extensively loaded and sometimes locally loaded laterally from its geometric center. The platen is ordinarily retracted or opened a substantial distance in order to insert within the dies the material to be molded. It is then desired quickly to accomplish the iirst stage movement or socalled daylight closing, which means to close the press to a point at which the squeezing action just starts. At the end of this closing period no daylight may be seen between the contained material and certain parts of the dies. Means should be provided for effecting a temporary stop anywhere during daylight closing.

Next, there is to be an initial squeezing action upon the material with boosted pressure but which involves reactions which are below a final intensified pressure. A slacking off period may be desired during the boosted-pressure period in order to allow so-called breathing to take place;

which means to allow escape of gasses generated by the heat in the compressed material. This may be referred to as the second stage of compression, either With or without slacking off. During this second stage the material is basically formed by the dies and a set takes place in it.

r1`he third stage of compression involves closing the dies including an additional small distance under a predetermined maximum intensied pressure. This is in order iinally to compress and compact the material from which the gas has by this time escaped.

Finally provision is to be made for relieving the pressure and completely opening the dies for removal of the material being treated.

A problem that often arises in connection with large presses is that the platens are usually quite .the hand valves 9| and 63 are at this time open,

which normally they are. At the same time the four-way valve 93 releases air pressure to exhaust 95 from the lines |03, |0I, 99 and 91, thus allowing the diaphragm valves 3|, 31 and 4| to take up their normally open positions. This results in the air pressure in the tank 41 squeezing liquid out over the manifold 35, branches 33, 39, 43 and manifolds 25, 21, and 29 to the cylinders 3, 5, V1, 9, and II. This effects the so-called daylight closing or lifting of platen 23 at a rapid rate because of the large volumetric displacement of liquid which may in this way be effected by the line air pressure in the tank 41. This corresponds to event No. 2 in Fig. 4.

When the daylight closing action ends, which is when the dies in the press close on the materials between them, reaction pressure builds up on the pistons until the hydraulic pressure created by the air line pressure is balanced by the platen load, whereupon lifting automatically stops (events Nos. 2 and 4; Fig. 4)

The above operation assumes no manually in troduced stopping action corresponding to event No. 3 in Fig, 4. To interrupt and stop daylight closing anywhere, the handle of Valve 93 is raised to the Fig. 2 position. Pressure through valve 93 from line 5|, valve |05, regulator |01 and Valve `pipe |42 then passes to the diaphragms of valves 3 I, 31 and 4I and shuts these off to prevent sinking of the platen. At the same time relief of pressure occurs from the pilot line 59, thus allowing valve 55 to close. Whenever it is wished to reinstate the daylight closing operation, the handle of valve 93 is again set into the down position of Fig. 1. Event No. 3 may be interpolated anywhere in the daylight complete closing operation consisting of events Nos. 2 and 3 (Fig. 4).

If desired after stopping the lifting of the platen, it may be retracted by setting the handle 60 to the neutral C position (Fig. 3) in which event lines 91, 99, I9I and I3 are releasedto exhaust 95, as also is pilot line 59. Thus valve 55 closes and its exhaust port is open to valve 65. Valves 3|, 31 and 4| open and liquid drains back to tank 41 as the platen descends. Drainage is at the 55 p. s. i. back pressure set by relief valve 65. This cushions the platen descent.

Next, assuming completion of daylight closing to an automatic stop or stall condition, in order to develop a higher working or boosted pressure for deformng or squeezing the materials between the dies, the operator moves the handle of the fourway valve 93 into its up position shown by the line B in Fig. 2, which again has the effect of placing the pipes |09 and |42 in communication with the pipes 91, 99, IOI and I 93, thus causing air pressure (35 p. s. i.) from the pressure reducer |01 to close the valves 3|, 31 and 4|, thus trapping liquid (under 115 p. s. i. pressure) between the valves 3|, 31, 4| and the pistons I3, I5, I1, I9 and 2|. At the same time valve 93 re.

Y leases pressure from the pilot line 59 to the exhaust port 95.

This unloads the diaphragm 51 of the diaphragm valve 55 which takes up its normally closed position wherein pressure is released from the tank 41 throughy the pressure relief of the order of 1400 p. s. i.

valve 6.5 down to the stated p. s. i., thus making the tank ready for subsequent reception on the next working cycle of fluid from the system.

Since it is desired to compress the material between the dies, additional or increased pressure must be brought into play, which is greater than the line pressure of 115 p. s. i. This is done by means of a number of air-operated hydraulic pump units III and an auxiliary intensifier airoperated hydraulic pump unit II3. These pump units are all of the general type shown in U. S. Patents 2,215,852 dated September 24, 1940, and 2,269,423 dated January 13, 1942. Further details of the pumps are unnecessary in View of said patents, except to state that each engine has a reciprocating air engine part II5 (in the case of units III) and II1 (in the case of unit II3). Each unit also has a direct-connected hydraulic pump part I I9 (in the case of the units I I I) and |2| (in the case of unit II3). The pump parts are directly reciprocated by the engine parts respectively. They have inlet ports |20 connected to the manifold 35, as shown. All of the units III and II3 are preferably alike, thus making easy the supply of parts therefor. Desired diierences in outlet pressures obtained from the pump parts I|9 (of units III) as compared with the pump part |2| (of unit II3) is brought about by differences in air pressures supplied to the air engines I I5 (of units I I I) as compared to the air pressure supplied to engine |I1 (of unit II3).

All of the engines I|5 (of units III) are supplied with air in parallel by a common air manifold |23. Manifold |23 receives air from a supply pipe |25, the latter being connected with a pressure reducing valve |21. This excludes unit II3. The reducing valve |21 is ofthe manually regulatable type and is adjusted so that with the piston-plunger ratios used in units III, the liquid pressure from the pumps |I9 (not |2|) is Since this is a boosted pressure, compared to that already under the platen pistons, the units III (not II3) will be called booster pressure units. They act together to provide a common boosted-pressure supply of liquid.

The engine II1 of unit II3 receives air over a I separate supply pipe |29 by way of a manually adsupplied with air over air line |35. Line |35 leads back to, and is controlled by hand valve |05. In the line |35 is a normally spring-closed diaphragm-controlled valve |31. The diaphragm |39 of valve |31 is actuated from air line I4I in which is a three-way solenoid air valve I 43. This valve |43 is electrically controlled from a manual switch |45 located near the valve 93. The pipe I4| connects with the line |42 at a point beyond the regulator valve |01 so that the diaphragm element I 39 receives only regulated air pressure through valve |43 (35 p. s. i.).

The group of six units III may be fed with air in either of two Ways. In both ways they involves unregulated air pressure at p. s. i.

9 a ering operations shown are typical of expected practice. Events Nos. A and 8A require no manual operation and occur automatically at the ends of events Nos 5 and 8 respectively.

It will be understood that the switch |45 is shown in simplest diagrammatic form. Also that a momentary contact switch circuit may be used between a push-button type of switch |45 and solenoid valve |43 so that successive pushes on the push-button switch will cause successive open and closed conditions of valve |31, each condition being maintained until changed by a succeeding push-button operation. All-electrical or allmanual operation of valve |31 may also be employed.

If during any stop and holding operation leakage occurs from the cylinders 3, 5, 1,'9 or |I, or any of their supply pipes, this will be compensated by automatic starting of the unit |I3 and perhaps also units III, depending upon the rate of leakage. This is due to the unbalanced pressure which occurs which will cause the said units to start from their stalled conditions. Since regi ulator |3I is set 100 pounds higher than regulator |21, it will start unit I I3 first. If this unit cannot make up the leakage, regulator |21 brings units |I| into action. Since switch |53 is set at 10 pounds lower than regulator |21, the luy-Dass valve will never open for leakage make-up. This is as desired because it avoids variations of pressure applications for mere leakage compensation.

vAny one or more of the valves or |65 may' be closed so as to localize pressures as desired from the manifolds 25, 21, and 29 on the piston I1, or I5, I9, or I3, 2|. Thus bending of the platen as a cantilever may be prevented by suitable control of these valves |15 and |65. The platen 23 cannot be cocked out of line because the two end cylinders 3 and II are connected in parallel, as are also the cylinders 5 and 9.

It will be understood that suitable gages for indicating conditions in various parts of theA circuit are used as needed; also suitable relief cocks and the like. These have not been shown in the drawings in order to simplifythe description and because their use in any event is common as needed.

It will also be understood that the values of pressure given are only exemplary and that others may be used for other conditions. It will also be noted that the various valves are shown diagrammatically in the drawings, for example valve 93 for simplicity is shown as being of the rotary type, whereas it may be of the translating type. As above remarked, other equivalents may also be used for controlling valve |31. This' is also true of valve |49.

Ordinarily, the valves 93, switch |45, regulators |21, |3I, gages, etc. will be placed upon a panel near the platen '93 so thatv the operator may watch the work and system conditions at the same time, so as to exert appropriate control. This possibility is due to the remote controls used.

The most likely repairs required are easy to make. To remove a valve from a line, the valve 93 is placed "in neutral position C and tank valves 69 and 1| are opened which will allow drainage from the piping system through the large hy draulic tank 41 into the small tank 61, enough to drain to a level below the points where the repair has become necesary, that is belowl the center lines of pipes 25, 21 and 29. *The tanks 'are below this level. This drained liquid may later be forcedfback into tank 41 without the necessity for a rell. y l

10 Drainage of the cylinders 3, 5, 1, 9 and if this becomes necessary (which is not often) needs to be done through drain cocks (not shown) in the piping below them. Such drainage is not back to the tanks and of course then will require a refilling of the system,

`Filling of the system is accomplished by open-- ing suitable vents (not shown) at the tops of the cylinders 3, 5, 1, 9 and II. Valves 63, 8|, 9| and |95 are closed. Valves 69 and 1| are opened. The relief valve is removed and the plugs 11 and 63 are opened. The sump tanks 61 and 41 are then filled at 11 with a suitable hydraulic oil. Plugs 11 and 83 are closed. Valves 1| and 69 are then closed and valve 8| is opened. The valve 9| is opened admitting air at 115 p. s. i. to the small tank 61, thus forcing hydraulic fluid into theplaced in neutral position C. The main air valve and valve 6| are then opened and the system is ready for operation.

Visual inspection may be made'by means of al sight level 59 mounted on the end of the tank 41. This inspection for level should be made' when the platensare` in down position. Make-up oil may be added by allowing valve 93 to remain in neutral position C, removing plug 11 `and 'add-f" ingl oil as required. After'makeup plug 11 is replaced', valve 1I is'then openedwhile valves 8| and 9| are closed. After the right amount of`r oil has been transferred to the largetank 41, ac` cording to the sight gage 50, valves 8| and 9|' are reclosed and valve 1| is reopened.

It is clear that by means of the above system localized pressure may be applied to the central piston I1, or to either or both tandem piston sets I5, I9 and I3, 2|. This is done by control of the valves |65, |15 and compensates for platen un-l evenness caused by overhang. If the refinement is ever found to be desirable, the members of the tandem pairs may be localized by feedingthe branches 21A and 29A of manifolds 21Y and 29A respectively by means of split feeds from lines IiiIV and |1I, instead of the respectivesingle feeds now shown from these lines to the trunk manifolds 29 and 21. Each split feed would carry the same set of valves as now shown at |15 vin each line' |13 and at |65, |61 in each line |63. Hence any branch could be individually blocked. This would permit of compensation for eccentric platen loading. In view of the above, it will' be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.

As many changes could' be made in the above constructions without :departing from the' scope of the invention, it is intended that' all matter contained' inthe above description or shown in the acompanying'drawings' shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

We claim: 1. Hydro-pneumatic" lifting apparatus 'com'- prising a platen, expansive chamber means'for lifting the platen, a sump tank, a liquid connection betweenthe sump tank and the expansive chamber means, a normally open air-operated valve in said connection," an air-'operated vliquid pump arranged to pump'- liquid from one vpoint of the connection to another point therein and lay-passing said valve, a normally closed air-operated lvalve for admitting.air` pressure Yto Said mazione?.

tankA vla distributor, fanta .supplyfline,. saididisl# tributar@ being .connectedzbetweenisaidzairfsupnlycf line,'.tlfiefailfsoperatedzvallieefbntheftankaand saldi-1 aimoperatedivalverrlm'saidzzzliquid:.connection int: suoh'azway:thaiiwhencthesaireoperatedwalvegzto.: the sump tank is open said..;rliquid1va;lvefissopen,.

andaa'ddit'ionali fainm line-1 control means:v .fori con.-

predetermined pumpgi' outlet pressure, said: by-F passe' contiol .Incensi being-i otherwise..t normally...`

open.

2:* In .apparatiiss-of."v the: .class described; avinov ablefplaten, z .a1-plurality: 'ot separately'L actuated expansibleschamben means formaville'thefpl'aten,A

separate liquidsupplyfY means-lion ysaid v'chamberI mean'as a sumptanmfhaving; azcommonzconnec-f sepaiiatesifand:1n'ormallyopent air'actuatedlvalve f; in each of said liquid supplyameans;separatem-ire actuatedzliquidpumps .having-1aeco'inmonl connectioniwitltif` the sump;tanieaandffindependent outlet.:v connections. 1 With` the?. respectiva: liqui supply; means?. and reseotivelye bini-passing; saidz:.valves,1.v an:.iain-valve??associated@with zthe:pressurey :tan-k... fof controlli-nge application: of pressure.: therein;`

ani; air'supply' line; air ."supply; meansV for. ir-operated::pumpe:` .said airssupply means;

fro

sai 4 b'einaibran'cledttof thefsseparatefipnmps Abutt..lievi-1 inaiacommorr.controllmeansg separatefregnlator's.. in'ithelfbranchess! one: otfzwhich. is." rrormallyi by?4 passed by anopenvalv'e inafibylpa-ss;.thezoutlet.

of! the4v pum-p1 which:` isisupplled: byf the branch havin'g the' blyl-'pa'ssf includingfz a-f liquid?. check vail-ve i.pieventingsreturn: owatoathe: pump, ,come

mon.; controla means? folta sizrmlltane'onsly opening;

th'esumptank-Lvalveandithe valves-4in said liquid i connecton's,., andi automatic: control;i means: re1- Wi .whicltfsiassoci'atedizthe :':outletxcli'eckfi a valve" elo said normallywopenzbyepasswatf all plied''etexntinedf.. liquid: pressure. frumx tlci'eixlastnamedpnmp... y

ail-In apparatus 'iof -theclassfdescribedyatmov-.- able platen; a; Vsurripzftankcanfyl'ng.liquid;l anv entf 1et;.manifld from:M saidttank; aemain expe-risible: chamber..'meanartonmovingftlecplatem, arr indie vifdal litlurl-'el'..connecticut:.tlfierelromdto'saidanani` fldi. separate expansblee cnam-ber;L means con-1 nected to the platen, an individual'.liqi-iiolconeI nection.l between" said separate means# and., the manifoldtlf ain-operatedzcontrol-fmean-siriitloereeL spective conrfectionst.anpluralltinA et.' aireenerated. beesteniumps'sadapteaito; pump'frommhamanlfold.: andi-:bio meansf of; ai, @eminem branched'.v lov.-` nas'se around',.saidiconteonmeans:supplying. liquid to* said: individual" comiections; the: resneetivei biianchesfeaclfr-i1cludinga cheek valve; intensi er adapted? to'. pump: from. said.y manifold' and having a branched by-pass: connection alfound said.; control; nzieansey and. throughv its branchesalsoliindvidually;supplyingsaid .connerie tions af valve controlling'. the. supplie ofi com?. press"ea-A a'iif. tosaid .tank` ab cve the: liquid-therein; an dcommcn-.control .means fon thtankivalve and'sa'idlcontrolmeans intheconnectons-.Wherefv byfthey'mayfslmultaneouslybeopenedandclosed; ain` supplyfmeans having.. separate; branches. for theboosten numpaand .ther intensifier pump, pres.- sxrelreeiilatorsin:sadhranches,anormally. ogen bye.nass.arouninthe-regulatonsupplying-theboeste erA fpumps, 3. 4means irespQnsYe-.e-td ,outlet; pressure;- from! the-r-booster-pumps.forigclosingsaid@ lov-pass.. at predeterminedboosted:pressure: andinaanteior..A controlling; all.. ofi-.thefzain suizyply,y t0 .all ...ofthe pumpsz:

4.-., In .apparatus of' the?c1ass-ideeenbed;,.a-.mov-` able p laten; a; .pluralityfgoffg expansible chamber. f

means, fori .moving-,ethic '..platem ag sump f tank lformanifold.. .fromaid tank; individual. liquidconV neetions. between :saidtmanif-o1da andrespective.. expansible chamber..means,I afnQrmally-Qpenvalve ineachf of- .the -respectivelonnectiona. afnormally closed valve controlling supply of air pressurefto the; sump. tanks. ain-operated.boosteripumpmeans fon pumpingA fluidi-from..thenmanifolda through4 a lineevvhiohil -branchesa'itoasaid respective.. connec-I tions aroun'd said; `vali/asin; tlleconnections,-v each branch. .including-'aa control^ valve-andi achecl;

valve,, additional. internen-len:` air-operated. Dump.` mea-ns :connected to-l saidmanifoldi. aliqudline f fromi saidf; intensin.r` pun-mg: means;` and: hauling; individual bnanchessgtotsaidl.connections;nieslvso-v tively ncludinga` controle' valves-1. and. connectedy around. said-.--fvalvesfinsithefconnections; common'.

control meanszfor simultaneously openingt the airvalvaon the tank andssaili valves .ini-the....oon-

.:g; fuomesaid ,booster pump?meansJoeinajgreaten-than thatfrom the intensien pump;means. air supply mean'szhavinggseparate bbanchesefonthesbooster pllmnsfandi thefintensifercpfumpgf pressurearegula-ftor-ezinsaidbranchea afrnormallyjopen .bv-passa aroundvr the.A regulation supplying` the: booster;

1; umps;;.andt` meanatresppnsialet to2-fpfessure..-.frormV y the booster Rumps'toI-:closingg saidbyf-pass atlprefcleterminedf-lotiostechmassime;-

5. Inapparatus.;offthe-class describedamov able platen, a plurality?ofxexpansible;chamber,`

means. for moninggthetplaten, aesump'tank for liquid and.. air.` under-pressuree anni outlet liquid.- maniioldz .fr-om'. l saldetank. `indi-vidaal liquid conf.. nections between.: said2 manifoldi andrespective;y expansiblef--cnamloen means-.1... normally 'open-f aibI operatedivalves in;the-frespective;connectionsl. af

normally closed valve controlling supply affair;y

pressure; to. fthe` .sumpjtanki aironenated y.booster pump -meansfo1i--pumpng vlluid=.-.fr.o.rn the; manif fold tht ought a linea WhichbranchesJ-tosaidf respe.-A tiveA connections; each. branchincl-udine;,it;l control valve.y and. a.A check; valve,. additional. intenaiera. en -operated n iiri-ne; means.. conne.Ctedfy to saldi manifold. aA-liquid-linefnornzsaidintenser pump means` and; .havingggindiltiduali.braneheagwitht Said:

connections; each respectively :includ-inea control valve, each of said respective lines-V; from.. the. booster;- pi-lmp means and: from.. ther. intensifier pump... means: byfnassingf the respectveavalves. in said. connections; common control. means for; siincitaneouslv,Y opening; the.; taule air. alve and; saldi valves. in the; connectienef; and far: closingl both, the. voluznegotfcwfrom.said boostenpumn meanslrbeing greater.;than;tbat :from theinterlsifier. pump; means; asbitanched': aixtysupplyhavine separate: branches to; thea booster-r pump means; and i thee. intensien noma; means. and.. individual. regulators in. said .branchesarnormally Qpen. by*lv nassaround .,tneiregulatonin-.the branch. feeding the. booster r pumricmeansi. and; means. resnonsive to pressurey in. the. outlet.. eti the.. booster; nume: meansfadaptedto: closesaidby-nass. anaxpredesterrriined.looosted.pressiulaV 6. In apparatus.A of?. the classsdesorbed., ai move able platen, expansible chamber meansimmelfr..

ing the platen, a sump tank, liquid connecting means between said tank and the expansible chamber means, air-operated first and second pump means for pumping uid from the tank to the expansible chamber means, a branched air supply having separate branches to the first and second pump means respectively, individual pressure regulators respectively in said branches, a normally open bypass around the regulator in the branch feeding to the rst pump means, and means responsive to the outlet pressure of the first pump means adapted at a predetermined pressure to close said by-pass whereby the rst pump means continues to be fed with air which then passes through its respective regulator.

7. A hydro-pneumatic compression apparatus comprising a platen, expansive chamber means for moving the platen, a compressed-air sump tank for liquid, a first control valve for controlling air pressure in the sump tank, a liquid connection between the sump tank and the expansive chamber means, a second control valve in said connection, means for contemporaneously opening said first and second control valves, a liquid booster pump arranged to by-pass said second control Valve, a. liquid intensifier pump arranged also to by-pass said second :control valve, a check valve in the by-pass connection for the booster pump arranged to prevent flow from the intensifier pump to the booster pump, independent control means for simultaneously energizing or deenergizing both of the pumps, normally operative regulators for controlling the respective pressures to be delivered by the booster and intensiiier pumps, by-pass means around the regulator of the booster pump, which means is normally open until a predetermined value of booster pump delivery pressure is reached, and means for closing said bypass means in response to a predetermined outlet pressure of the booster pump.

8. Hydro-pneumatic compression apparatus comprising a platen, expansive chamber means for moving the platen, a sump tank, an air-opverated air supply and release 'control valve for the sump tank, a liquid connection between the sump tank and the lexpansive chamber means, an air-operated liquid control valve in said connection, an air-operated liquid booster pump arranged to by-pass said liquid control valve, an airoperated intensifier also arranged to by-pass said liquid control valve, a. check valve in the by-pass connection of the booster pump adapted to prevent movement of liquid from the intensifier pump to the booster pump, an air supply line, a first remote control means connecting said air supply line and said air-operated control valves simultaneously to open them so as to admit air pressure to the sump tank and enforce liquid flow to the expansible chamber means or to move the tank-air valve to release position while closing said liquid control valve to prevent flow from the expansible chamber means to the sump tank, and to open the liquid control valve while holding the sump tank valve at release to allow return flow to the sump tank, branched connections from said air supply line respectively to said pumps, independent regulator means in said branched connections respectively, a normally open by-pass around the regulator in the branched connection to the booster pump, and means responsive to a predetermined pressure in the outlet of the booster pump for blocking said by-pass and forcing all air to the booster pump to pass through its respective regulator, said last-named regulator being set to regulate to a pressure lower than that cf the regulator which supplies the intensier pump.

SHERMAN H. DORSEY. AUGUST D. REISERT. ALEXANDER P. FOX. CARL H. MUELLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 

